1. Introduction. Corrosion of reinforcing steel bars (rebar) in concrete is a major cause of civil infrastructure degradation around the world. The repair cost of the damaged infrastructure due to the corrosion is reported to be up to 3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the developed countries [1], [2], and it is up to 5% in the Middle East where harsh climates such as high temperature ...Corrosion Resistant Reinforcing, LLC Company Profile | Walton, KY | Competitors, Financials & Contacts - Dun & Bradstreet – All reinforcement • Substructure units in tidal waters • Footings in integral abutments • Box culverts (CIP and precast) with 0 to 2 foot fill – All neat reinforcement including footing bars extending into neat concrete in the substructure units • Substructure units located within 22 feet from the edge of the traveled way6 Haz 2023 ... State DOT Use and Policies on Implementation of Corrosion Resistant Reinforcing Bars. Throughout the United States there is widespread use of ...1. Introduction. When embedded in concrete with highly alkaline pore solutions, protective passive films can be formed spontaneously for reinforcing steels [1, 2].However, since low-carbon reinforcing steel is not a corrosion-resistant alloy, depassivation and active corrosion occur easily in chloride-contaminated and/or …Protective coatings are widely utilized to promote corrosion resistance of the surfaces of steel components that are used in various industrial applications. Different surface engineering methods such as thermal spraying and thermal diffusion techniques can be used to fabricate these protective coatings. Thermal spraying processes have …Oct 1, 2020 · High-performance reinforcement, which is known by its high-corrosion resistance and high-strength, is advantageous in the design and construction of concrete bridge decks. This research investigates the structural behavior of concrete bridge decks reinforced with either high-performance A1035M (Grade 830) or ASTM A615M (Grade 420) reinforcing ... The effect of molybdate on corrosion resistance of the conventional low-carbon reinforcing steel (LC steel) and a Cr-bearing reinforcing steel (10% Cr steel), when exposure to saturated Ca(OH)2 ...– All reinforcement • Substructure units in tidal waters • Footings in integral abutments • Box culverts (CIP and precast) with 0 to 2 foot fill – All neat reinforcement including footing bars extending into neat concrete in the substructure units • Substructure units located within 22 feet from the edge of the traveled way Deterioration of reinforced concrete structures, caused by the reinforcing steel corrosion, involves huge maintenance and replacement/repair costs. To avoid such high repair costs and maintain high durability of concrete structures, new types of rebars have been developed that are more anticorrosive than plain carbon steel.The GCS Centre for Structural Safety and Resilience (CSSR) is proud to announce its Monthly Student Presentation event. Please find below the details of this month's Research Students' Presentation Event: Date and Time: Friday, October 27 from 4 to 5 p.m. (Montreal EST time) Title: Ductile Corrosion-Resistant GFRP-Stainless Steel Reinforced Concrete WallsBond-slip characteristics of corrosion-resistant reinforcing steel bars embedded in concrete were determined with a beam-end test conducted in accordance with ASTM A944. The reinforcing steel bar types considered included solid stainless steel bars (316LN, N32, and 2205) and Grade 60 carbon steel bar with the exterior surface clad with 316L ...... corrosion-resistant reinforcing steel. A new iron-alloy, containing nine percent chromium with the trade name MMFX II, was developed to be corrosion resistant.The corrosion of reinforcing steel in highway structures results in maintenance and replacement costs in the United States that are measured in billions of dollars. These costs would be greatly reduced and the durability and design life of reinforced concrete structures greatly enhanced if the corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel were ...The long-term corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel embedded in alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar, when subjected to aggressive marine environments ...Corrosion Resistant Reinforcing Steel, Class I: Steel shall conform to AASHTO M 334M/M 334-17 – Standard Specification for Uncoated, Corrosion-Resistant, Deformed and Plain Chromium Alloyed, Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement and Dowels. UNS* Designations: K81550 (Alloy Type 1035 CS steel with a minimumOne out of three Americans will develop insulin resistance, which is sometimes referred to as impaired glucose tolerance or metabolic syndrome. One out of three Americans will develop insulin resistance, which is sometimes referred to as im...corrosion resistance ability of various reinforcing steels (rebar) that be used in bridges and may other concrete structures. Eight types of rebar were used in the study, including: black, MMFX2, epoxy coated, Z-Bar, stainless clad, high nickel stainless steel, high manganese stainless steel, and a duplex stainless steel.100 years. That’s the product service life of ChromX ® 9100 (ASTM A1035-CS), a concrete reinforcing steel that is almost entirely resistant to corrosion. Scientifically engineered, ChromX ® uncoated steel achieves its superior properties of corrosion resistance because of the patented steel microstructure that is formed during production.The inhibitor migrates through the concrete to the reinforcing steel and protects it from further corrosion by providing a thin, protective coating of MCI-molecules on steel reinforcement. Studies have been carried out to investigate the performance of dimethyl ethanol amine based MCI-A and triethanol amine based MCI-B as surface coatings.The adoption of corrosion protection measures in new construction, such as the use of good design and construction practices, adequate concrete cover depth, low-permeability concrete, corrosion inhibitors, and coated reinforcing steel, is significantly reducing the occurrence of reinforcing steel corrosion in new bridges.A literature review was conducted with the goal of identifying alternative, low-cost, corrosion-resistant steel reinforcement materials. The most promising alternate reinforcing materials seen to ...Accordingly, corrosion-resistant materials have emerged as alternative reinforcement solutions in concrete structures. Yet, the high initial cost of such materials may mitigate their potential use.Corrosion resistant steel (CRS) rebar . 1: Corrosion Resistance Technology: For protection of reinforcing bars against corrosion, epoxy coating is done on these bars by electrostatic spraying of fusion bonded epoxy powder. For protection of reinforcing bars against corrosion, coating of rapid setting primer followed by a coat of cement polymer ...The corrosion of reinforcing steel in highway structures results in maintenance and replacement costs in the United States that are measured in billions of dollars. These costs would be greatly reduced and the durability and design life of reinforced concrete structures greatly enhanced if the corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel were ...Oct 15, 2018 · For corrosion resistant reinforcing bars, mechanical butt splicers shall be of the same material as the bars being spliced. CHAIRS/BAR SUPPORTS: Plastic (composite) chairs may be used to support Corrosion Resistant Reinforcement (CRR) in precast concrete elements; otherwise, CRR in structures shall be supported by steel bar 100 years. That's the product service life of ChromX ® 9100 (ASTM A1035-CS), a concrete reinforcing steel that is almost entirely resistant to corrosion. Scientifically engineered, ChromX ® uncoated steel achieves its superior properties of corrosion resistance because of the patented steel microstructure that is formed during production. ChromX ® concrete reinforcing steel exceeds ...High-strength steel (HSS) and ASTM A1035 Grade 690, in particular, have been gaining popularity in the last two decades due to its considerably higher strength and corrosion resistance compared to ...Corrosion Resistant Reinforcing, LLC Company Profile | Walton, KY | Competitors, Financials & Contacts - Dun & Bradstreet. D&B Business Directory HOME / BUSINESS DIRECTORY / WHOLESALE TRADE / MERCHANT WHOLESALERS, DURABLE GOODS / HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC GOODS MERCHANT WHOLESALERSCorrosion rates of standard epoxy-coated bars and hybrid carbon and glass FRP wrapped steel bars were compared considering the crevice corrosion at applied defects. In addition to their contributions to the strength capacity of steel bars confirmed by the tensile tests, FRP-wrapped steel reinforcing bars have high corrosion resistance.Over the past dozen years, low-alloy corrosion-resistant steels have been developed, which as promising reinforcements have considerably high corrosion resistance but more attractive economy than stainless steels, such as fine-grained Cu-P and Cu-Cr-Ni alloy steel [10], [11], MMFX steel [12], etc. Among of them, MMFX is the …The advantages of using plastics are that they are lightweight, water resistant, durable, strong, economical and resistant to corrosion and chemicals. Since plastics are lightweight and sturdy, they can be conveniently used to transport goo...Grade 40 rebar is easy to bend, making it perfect for residential construction. Due to its high carbon content, Grade 60 rebar has increased vertical strength. Use in high-stress applications such as dams, atomic power stations, and commercial building construction. Epoxy coated rebar or corrosion-resistant rebar is also available. It may be ...100 years. That’s the product service life of ChromX ® 9100 (ASTM A1035-CS), a concrete reinforcing steel that is almost entirely resistant to corrosion. Scientifically engineered, ChromX ® uncoated steel achieves its superior properties of corrosion resistance because of the patented steel microstructure that is formed during production.Aug 22, 2022 · Also, the PUHPC and NPUHPC had similar durability performance, and the NPUHPC outperformed the PUHPC in corrosion resistance, despite having a lower compressive strength. 1. Introduction. The use of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) as a repair material for infrastructure is becoming increasingly common. Bond-slip characteristics of corrosion-resistant reinforcing steel bars embedded in concrete were determined with a beam-end test conducted in accordance with ASTM A944. The reinforcing steel bar types considered included solid stainless steel bars (316LN, N32, and 2205) and Grade 60 carbon steel bar with the exterior surface clad with 316L ...The microstructure of corrosion products is analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate MMFX steel exhibits better corrosion resistance compared to conventional reinforcing steel, but less than epoxy-coated bars. In rapid and bench-scale tests, MMFX steel exhibits a macrocell corrosion rate between 33 percent and 4 Eyl 2023 ... Not all corrosion-resistant materials for infrastructure are created equally. Epoxy-coated steel rebar has advantages that other materials ...corrosion-resistant reinforcement. A three-phase experimental investigation was conducted using a wide range of corro-sion-resistant reinforcing materials. In the first phase, structural tests were conducted on forty-five beam specimens with tension lap splices to evaluate the bond between corrosion-resistant reinforcement and concrete. Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcing Steel Effective corrosion resistance is the product of appropriate design and material selection for conditions as well as responsible field handling. Steel is manufactured by heating iron ores that are primarily iron oxides along with other ingredients.3.1—The influence of mixture design on the corrosion of reinforcing steel 3.2—The influence of the selection of cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures on the corrosion of reinforcing steel 3.3—Uncoated reinforcing steel 3.4—Epoxy-coated reinforcing steel 3.5—Embedded metals other than reinforcing steel Reported by ACI Committee 222Apr 14, 2017 · Therefore, the key solution to avoid corrosion problems is to enhance the passivity and anti‑chloride-corrosion ability of steel rebar [1,2]. In general, coated steel rebar is the main corrosion improvement method, such as epoxy‑coated steel rebar and alloyed steel rebar [3,4,5]. Coated steel rebar has been developed for decades. Most people are familiar with reinforcing steel bars, commonly called “rebar”. It is used in bridges, buildings, skyscrapers, homes, warehouses, and foundations to increase the strength of a concrete structure. Rebar is used in concrete to …10-5 Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel As a minimum corrosion protection measure, all reinforcing steel in sidewalks, barrier rails, and concrete medians shall be epoxy coated. In addition, the top mat of steel for all bridge decks and approach slabs, and the stirrups and longitudinal reinforcing steel in the end diaphragms shall be epoxy coated. Airplanes are made from aluminum, titanium, steel and other materials like composites. Composites may consist of carbon fiber, polymers and other materials that are strong, stiff, low weight and corrosion resistant.Galvanized screws are comprised of a thick zinc coating that provides great corrosion resistance. All the hot dip galvanized and mechanically galvanized screws that Fasteners Plus carries, pair with the G90 galvanized and ZMAX Simpson wood connectors. With treated lumber, it is recommended to use galvanized, stainless, or specially formulated ...Dec 1, 2016 · The properties of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheets have been thoroughly studied, establishing a firm knowledge of analysis and design procedures. Snapping of CFRP sheets during loading is a typical failure mode in such strengthened structures. Applying epoxy resin to bond CFRP sheets to the reinforced concrete beam creates a new ... Development of corrosion resistance of reinforcement steel bars with nano-silver coatings. The aims of this study are to examine the effect of metallic coatings on …An approach to controlling the corrosion-related degradation of reinforced concrete was designed as a synergetic action of electrochemistry, cement chemistry and …Corrosion resistant reinforcing steels shall conform to one of the two types (ASTM A1035 or stainless steel) listed in the copied note. The minimum yield strength shall be: 100 ksi for ASTM 1035 and 60 ksi for stainless steel. ((This note is needed as the minimum yieldg) Using sulphate resisting cement and pozzolana cement. Increasing Depth of Concrete Cover to Reinforcement. Extra cover depth lengthens the time for ingress ...reinforcement to existing mild steel reinforced concrete bridge decks has potential, due to the fundamental properties associated with the materials. To investigate corrosion prevention through the use of corrosion-resistant alloys, the corrosion resistance of MMFX microcomposite steel reinforcement, a high-strength, high-chromium steelDec 1, 2016 · The properties of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheets have been thoroughly studied, establishing a firm knowledge of analysis and design procedures. Snapping of CFRP sheets during loading is a typical failure mode in such strengthened structures. Applying epoxy resin to bond CFRP sheets to the reinforced concrete beam creates a new ... Grade 40 rebar is easy to bend, making it perfect for residential construction. Due to its high carbon content, Grade 60 rebar has increased vertical strength. Use in high-stress applications such as dams, atomic power stations, and commercial building construction. Epoxy coated rebar or corrosion-resistant rebar is also available. It may be ...C876-22b Standard Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete . ... G48-11(2020)e1 Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution . G185-06(2020)e1 Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oil Field and ...Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcing Steel. Effective corrosion resistance is the product of appropriate design and material selection for conditions as well as responsible field handling. Steel is manufactured by heating iron ores that are primarily iron oxides along with other ingredients. This heat transforms the iron oxides into the metallic iron.Corrosion resistance of 5 concrete mixes, 12 coatings, and 3 rebars are evaluated. • Polyurethane coating has the highest strength and the lowest corrosion rate. • Corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel is 2 times higher than mild steel rebar. • Corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel is 6 times higher than mild steel rebar. •3. Epoxy-Coated Rebar Epoxy-coated rebar is black rebar with an epoxy coat. It has the same tensile strength, but is 70 to 1,700 times more resistant to corrosion. However, the epoxy coating is incredibly delicate. The greater the damage to the coating, the less resistant to corrosion.The conducted research focused on durability testing of concrete beams reinforced with various types of corrosion-resistant reinforcing bars. The beams represented a bridge parapet, i.e. a component loaded structurally, yet located in a splash zone. While the number of studies reported in the literature testing performance of specific bar type ...Galvanized screws are comprised of a thick zinc coating that provides great corrosion resistance. All the hot dip galvanized and mechanically galvanized screws that Fasteners Plus carries, pair with the G90 galvanized and ZMAX Simpson wood connectors. With treated lumber, it is recommended to use galvanized, stainless, or specially formulated ...Enhance durability of reinforced mortars against chloride ions with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Improve resistance to corrosion and flexural strength.Improved corrosion resistance of 6% Cr steel in SCPS was established by the protective passive film, the high pitting corrosion resistance as well as the compact rust layer, which may shed light on the design of corrosion-resistant reinforcing steels with enhanced corrosion resistance throughout the service life of reinforced concrete structures.Plastic poly tanks are an excellent choice for storing liquids such as water, chemicals, and fertilizers. They are durable, resistant to corrosion and rust, and come in a variety of sizes. However, choosing the right size plastic poly tank ...Aug 27, 2019 · Carbide-reinforced martensitic steels, known as high-speed steels (HSSs), have been used as tool materials in various industries because of their high hardness and wear resistance. Nonetheless ... However, the carbonation corrosion becomes a concern. This paper is to show if carbonation curing of reinforced concrete could be performed under ambient pressure, the concrete structure would be more corrosion resistant. It was found that reinforced concrete product so produced could attain 11 % CO 2 uptake based on …The accumulation of residue soil (generally composed of soil, residue, or mud consolidation) is one of the important causes of damage to the environment limiting urban development. At present, the recycling rate of residue soil in developed countries is as high as 90%, while in China it is less than 5%. In marine construction, reinforced concrete often …In comparison, the cementitious coatings have good compatibility with the OPC substrates [9]. The cementitious coatings have also been reported to provide long-lasting protection and ‘crack-suppressing’ capabilities, especially for enhancing the corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement in concrete against chloride attack [10–12].b. Placing Reinforcing Bars (CRSI), 9th Edition, 2011 c. CRSI – Specialty and Corrosion-Resistant Steel Reinforcement – Product Guide - July 2013 5. International Code Council (ICC) a. ICC-ES AC429 - Acceptance Criteria for High -Strength Steel Reinforcing Bars – October 2017 b. ICC ES Evaluation Report ESR 2107 - January 2018 Apr 24, 2013 · Summary This chapter contains sections titled: Steel for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Stainless Steel Rebars Galvanized Steel Rebars Epoxy-Coated Rebars References Corrosion‐Resistant Reinforcement - Corrosion of Steel in Concrete - Wiley Online Library In 2019, the influence of reinforcement corrosion on fire performance was studied by researchers in China, showing a near-linear reduction in fire resistance with an increasing degree of corrosion . Reinforcement of RC beams under fire has also been explored in regard to concrete cover.The results indicate that in the chloride ion erosion environment, the corrosion resistant ability of the corrosion resistant reinforcing steel with the addition of Cr is improved to some extent ...As an FHWA / STATE experimental project, the reinforcement designated as corrosion resistant shall be stainless clad reinforcing steel. The minimum yield strength shall be 60 ksi. No substitutions shall be allowed. QUANTITY TABLES SHEET: There are four bid items in the Trns.port for corrosion resistant reinforcing steel. The item Corrosion of reinforcement is one of the major durability challenges which leads to a reduction in the design life of reinforced concrete. Due to an increasing demand for longer service lives of infrastructure (typically 100–120 years) and the high cost involved in building and maintaining it, the repair of concrete structures has become extremely …resistant reinforcement often is the obvious choice for concrete struc- tures exposed to high chloride levels. What isn’t so clear-cut is the best type of rebar to use for a particular project. Epoxy-coated, galva- nized, glass-fiber-rein- forced-polymer, solid stainless-steel, and stain- less-steel-clad reinforcingThis includes using high-quality materials, ensuring proper concrete cover over the #reinforcement, and using corrosion-resistant coatings or treatments. It's also important to properly maintain ...Corrosion Resistant Reinforcing Steel (CRR) Virginia DOT Workshop – Charlottesville, VA. Prasad Nallapaneni, VDOT. Assistant State Structure & Bridge Engineer. October 4, 2017. Presentation Outline • IIM S&B – 81 CRR • IIM S&B – 81.7 CRR. IIM S&B – 81 CRR • First Released on June 18, 2008Deterioration of reinforced concrete structures, caused by the reinforcing steel corrosion, involves huge maintenance and replacement/repair costs. To avoid such high repair costs and maintain high durability of concrete structures, new types of rebars have been developed that are more anticorrosive than plain carbon steel.Relatively new corrosion resistant reinforcing options meaning lim ited actual field data to verify long term performance . Initial c osts for corrosion resistant reinforcement range from an increase of 2% to 4% of the total project cost but provide a benefit with reduced life cycle costs. For stainless steel the Corrosion behavior and prevention strategies for magnesium (Mg) alloys. G.-L. Song, in Corrosion Prevention of Magnesium Alloys, 2013 1.4.2 Compatibility with other properties. Corrosion resistance is only one of the important properties of Mg alloys. It is quite common to find designers, engineers or users are more concerned about the mechanical performance of a Mg alloy rather than corrosion ...Summary. This chapter contains sections titled: Steels for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete. Reinforcing Bars. Prestressing Steel. Corrosion Behaviour. …3.2.2. EIS Measurements. EIS was performed to test the corrosion behavior of all the investigated galvanized steel. The effect of Sn wt% on the corrosion resistance of Zn-Sn coated steel sheet and compared with other galvanized steel was also measured through EIS test as illustrated in Figure 5 and Figure 6.EIS data are displayed as typical …
G157-98(2018) Standard Guide for Evaluating Corrosion Properties of Wrought Iron- and Nickel-Based Corrosion Resistant Alloys for Chemical Process Industries G146-01(2018) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service. French language institute
Because corrosion of reinforcement can result in concrete cracking, staining, spalling and costly repairs, corrosion-resistant reinforcement often is the obvious choice for concrete structures exposed to high chloride levels. What isn't so clear-cut is the best type of rebar to use for a particular project. Epoxy-coated, galvanized, glass-fiber ...Request PDF | Corrosion behavior of austenitic 304L and 316LN stainless steel clad reinforcing bars in cracked concrete | A study has been conducted on the chloride‐induced corrosion behavior of ...Regarding the galvanic corrosion properties of the stainless steel bars combined with ordinary steel bars, a number of studies show that (1) when ordinary steel bars are used as the cathode, there is a higher corrosion current in the anode, i.e., the stainless steel bars [], (2) when both types of the steel bars are in a passive state, the …Reinforced structures are prone to corrosion, when they are exposed to the outdoor environment and to deicing salts in colder climates or coastal ocean environments. ChromX® 9100, 4100 and 2100 bars provide varying degrees of corrosion resistant properties in reinforced concrete applications, with: 9100 – high,Mar 13, 2023 · In this research, methods of increasing the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete were experimentally investigated. The study used silica fume and fly ash at optimized percentages of 10 and 25% by cement weight, polypropylene fibers at a ratio of 2.5% by volume of concrete, and a commercial corrosion inhibitor, 2-dimethylaminoethanol (Ferrogard 901), at 3% by cement weight. The corrosion ... In this paper, the evolution of natural passivation and chloride-induced corrosion, pitting corrosion resistance and corrosion products composition of two Cr-modified reinforcing steels and the low-carbon (LC) reinforcing steel in saturated Ca(OH) 2 solution with chlorides were evaluated by a combined electrochemical measurements (E corr, LPR, EIS, CV and CPP) and surface analysis techniques ...Once reinforcement corrosion is initiated, it progresses almost at a steady rate and shortens the service life of the structure, by causing surface cracking and subsequently spalling of the cover concrete due to expansion of the corroding steel. ... Influence of cement composition on the corrosion of reinforcement and sulfate …The corrosion of reinforcement is one of the most important durability problems for reinforced concrete structures [10,11]. The corrosion of steel reinforcements under marine environments has costed the world billions annually . Studies on the corrosion behavior of steel bars embedded in ASC under a chloride ingress …The inherent corrosion resistance property of ASTM A1035 reinforcing steel would also improve the long-term durability of the structure. If water penetrates the waterproofing membrane or if the reinforced concrete strucural member is exposed to water, the water can reach the reinforcing through the anticipated micro-cracks thatCarbide-reinforced martensitic steels, known as high-speed steels (HSSs), have been used as tool materials in various industries because of their high hardness and wear resistance. Nonetheless ...Hot water tank piping systems play a crucial role in delivering hot water efficiently and safely throughout residential and commercial buildings. Copper piping systems have been widely used in plumbing for many years due to their durability...Corrosion in steel leads to the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures due to chemical reactions between steel and its surrounding atmosphere.Corrosion behavior and prevention strategies for magnesium (Mg) alloys. G.-L. Song, in Corrosion Prevention of Magnesium Alloys, 2013 1.4.2 Compatibility with other properties. Corrosion resistance is only one of the important properties of Mg alloys. It is quite common to find designers, engineers or users are more concerned about the mechanical performance of a Mg alloy rather than corrosion ...Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcing Steel. Effective corrosion resistance is the product of appropriate design and material selection for conditions as well as responsible field handling. Steel is manufactured by heating iron ores that are primarily iron oxides along with other ingredients. This heat transforms the iron oxides into the metallic iron.Afsar DE, Rahmat M and Kashani MM (2018), “Probabilistic Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Frames Including Spatial Variability of Pitting Corrosion,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 114: 97–112. Article Google Scholar . Ancheta TD, Darragh RB, Stewart JP, et al. (2013), “PEER NGA-West2 Database,” Pacific …Most people are familiar with reinforcing steel bars, commonly called “rebar”. It is used in bridges, buildings, skyscrapers, homes, warehouses, and foundations to increase the strength of a concrete structure. Rebar is used in concrete to provide additional strength, as concrete is weak in tension, while steel is strong in both tension and ... .